LB 


MINIMUM  COURSES  OF 
STUDY. 


SECONDARY  SCHOOLS. 


HP  V 


Minimum  Courses  of  Study 


PREPARED  FOR  THE 


High     Schools      and      Academies     of 

Vermont 

BY  A  COMMITTEE  OF  THE 

Vermont  Schoolmasters'  Club 

COMPOSED    OF 

JOHN  L.  ALGER,  F.  J.  SAGENDORPH, 

A.  E.  TUTTLE,  W.  A.  BEEBE, 

W.  P.  ABBOTT,  ISAAC  THOMAS, 

C.  H.  MORRILL,  MASON  S.  STONE, 


Prescribed  for   trie   High   Schools  of   Vermont  and   Issued   by 
the   Department  of    Education. 

JULY  1.  1907. 


DEPARTMENT  OF  EDUCATION, 

STATE  OF  VERMONT, 

MONTPELIER. 


INTRODUCTORY  LETTER. 

FELLOW  TEACHERS: 

The  following  program  of  subjects,  prepared  for  the  secondary  schools 
of  the  State  by  a  Committee  appointed  therefor  by  the  Vermont  School- 
masters' Club,  was  constructed  and  is  prescribed  for  the  purpose  of  carry- 
ing into  effect  the  High  School  Law  of  1906. 

Both  law  and  program  are  designed  to  render  a  positive  and  definite 
service,  first,  by  fixing  a  standard  for  admission  to  and  completion 
work ;  second,  by  insuring  an  approximate  uniformity  in  performance 
work. 

It  is  not  intended  that  the  individuality  of  any  school  shall  be  impaired, 
but  that  certain  fundamental  subjects  of  the  various  courses  shall  be 
thoroughly  taught  and  that  the  schools  shall  be  standardized  through  the 
performance  of  the  work  prescribed. 

Not  only  should  each  school  maintain  its  individuality  in  the  non- 
essentials,  but  greater  opportunity  should  be  given  pupils  to  individualize 
themselves.  Heretofore  courses  have  been  constructed  too  largely  for  the 
few,  and  pupils  have  b^en  required  to  fit  themselves  to  the  schools;  here- 
after it  is  hoped  that  the  schools  witf  fti  themselves  to  the  pupils  and  that 
the  scope  of  worV  of; each  school  will  be  sufficiently  broad  to  give  every 
pupil  the  best  possible  opportunity  to  find  himself.  As  a  great  majority  of 
advanced  pupils  do  not  pursue  courses  beyond  the  secondary  schools,  the 
question  is,  how  can  these  advanced  pupils  be  best  fitted  for  their  life  work. 
A  correlative  question  is,  how  can  more  elementary  pupils  be  allured  to 
take  advanced  instruction  and  thus  become  better  fitted  for  life.  These  two 
questions  can  best  be  answered  by  incorporating  in  the  secondary  schools 
more  work  of  a  practical  or  industrial  nature.  This  means  the  science  of 


te  f 
of/ 
of 


agriculture  and  the  arts  and  crafts.  Probably  nothing  could  be  more  bene- 
ficial to  the  students  of  the  secondary  schools  than  an  opportunity  to- 
discover  earlier  and  more  definitely  their  aptitudes  and  abilities.  If  prep- 
aration for  life  is  an  important  function  of  the  high  school,  then  a  larger 
opportunity  should  be  given  the  student  body  of  the  secondary  schools  in 
order  that  each  may  find  out  the  vocation  for  which  he  is  especially  fitted. 
Not  only  does  industrial  training  furnish  the  individual  pupil  with  a  body 
of  useful  knowledge  and  a  cultivation  of  his  motor  activities,  but  it  devel- 
ops his  powers  of  observation,  reasoning  and  judgment,  cultivates  his 
creative  and  executive  abilities,  and  trains  him  in  self-control  and  accuracy. 
Industrial  education  appeals  to  parents  and  pupils  as  something  sensible 
and  practical,  and  it  will  afford  a  field  in  which  unscholastic  pupils  can 
work  to  great  advantage. 

A  feeling  is  rife  today  that  there  is  a  lack  of  wholesome  respect  for  law 
and  constituted  authority,  that  adherence  to  old-time  principles  has  become 
somewhat  loose,  and  that  a  high  standard  of  personal  conduct  is  not 
generally  observed  in  social  and  commercial  life.  Recently  the  National 
Educational  Association  in  its  Declaration  of  Principles  made  a  pronounce- 
ment concerning  the  weak  regard  of  the  youth  of  today  for  wisdom,  order, 
duty,  and  responsibility. 

If  there  is  prevalent  any  tendency  of  this  character  it  behooves  school, 
men  to  be  more  vigilant  and  active  toward  its  correction.  The  secondary 
school  course  marks  the  transition  from  youth  to  young  manhood  and 
womanhood;  it  is  the  most  critical  period  of  life,  one  requiring  the  keenest 
discernment  and  diplomacy  of  action.  It  is  the  period  in  which  a  definite 
effort  should  be  made  to  fix  principles  and  fashion  purposes,  for  young  men 
and  women  are  especially  susceptible  at  this  time  to  the  invitation  to 
service  and  nobler  life.  The  supreme  function  of  the  secondary  school  is  to 
make  young  men  and  women  intelligent,  useful,  and  upright.  Instruction 
in  the  various  subjects  of  a  course  will  make  them  intelligent,  industrial 
education  will  help  them  to  be  useful,  and  the  inculcation  of  right  princi- 
ples will  aid  them  to  be  upright,  and  in  each  school  these  means  of  devel- 
opment should  be  kept  in  view. 

Believing  that  the  high  service  and  character  of  the  secondary  schools 
of  the  State  will  be  maintained,  and  trusting  that  the  law  and  the  program 
of  studies  may  meet  the  ends  desired,  I  remain, 
Very  sincerely  yours, 

MASON  S.  STONE, 

Superintendent  of  Education. 


293976 


MINIMUM  COURSES  OF  STUDY  FOR  THE  SECONDARY 
SCHOOLS  OF  VERMONT. 

Reported  by  the  Committee  of  the  Vermont  Schoolmasters'  Club 
and  Authorized  by  Chapter  45  of  the  Public  Statutes. 

CLASSES  OF  SECONDARY  SCHOOLS. 


First  Class,  a  school  having  one  or  more  four-year  courses  and  at  least 
three  teachers. 

Second  Class,  a  school  having  one  or  more  three-year  courses  and  at 
least  two  teachers. 

Third  Class,  a  school  having  one  or  more  two-year  courses. 

Fourth  Class,  a  school  having  one  or  more  one-year  courses. 

^CONDITIONS  GOVERNING  APPROVED  SECONDARY  SCHOOLS. 

1.  Secondary  school  teachers  must  be  college  graduates  or  holders  of 
first  grade  teacher's  certificates. 

2.  The  length  of  the  school  year  shall  be  at  least  thirty-six  weeks. 

3.  The  minimum  number  of  recitations  shall  be  as  indicated  in  th- 
courses  prescribed  hereafter. 

4.  The  admission  requirements  shall  include  all  the  work  prescribed  by 
law  for  the  elementary  schools. 

5.  The  length  of  a  recitation  for  classes  of  less  than  ten  must  be  at 
least  thirty  minutes ;  for  classes  often  or  more,  forty  minutes. 

6.  The  work  in  each  subject  must  include  the  amount  specified  in  the 
minimum  courses  which  follow. 

7.  The  work  of  each  course  must  be  performed  as  indicated  hereafter; 
but  the  order  may  be  modified  with  the  approval  of  the  Superintendent  of 
Education. 

8.  Not  more  than  one-half  of  the  laboratory  time  shall  be  credited  as 
recitation  time. 


9.  Each  principal  must  furnish  the  Superintendent  of  Education,  at 
the  beginning  of  each  scholastic  year,  a  certified  statement  of  the  courses 
adopted  by  his  school,  the  class  of  school  maintained,  and,  at  the  beginning 
of  each  term,  a  program  of  recitations. 

It  is  recommended  that 

1.  A  language  once  begun  be  continued  throughout  the  course,  or  at 
least  for  two  years. 

2.  The  Spanish  language  be  given  a  place  in  our  schools. 

3.  When  it  is  evident  that  a  review  of  an  elementary  subject  is  needed, 
the  subject  be  given  incidentally  and  in  addition  to  the  regular  course. 

4.  Drawing,  music,  vocal  culture,  penmanship,  and  industrial  training, 
including  manual   arts  and  elementary  agriculture,  should  be  presented 
whenever  possible. 

5.  The  equipment  for  teaching  sciences  conform  to  the  prescribed  list 
so  far  as  practicable. 

6.  Pupils  already  enrolled  in  courses  be  not  required  to  change  their 
courses. 


A     Minimum     Program     of    Studies   by    Years    and  by 

Courses. 


Latin  Course. 


English  3 

Algebra  5 

Ancient  History  5 

Latin  5 

rEAR. 

English  3 

Geometry  5 

Latin  5 
One  of  the  following, 

Modern  Language  5 
Med.  and  Mod.  History  5 
Commercial  Arithmetic  and 

Botany  5 

YEAR. 

English  3 

Latin  5 
Two  of  the  following, 

Modern  Language  5 

Physics  5 
Adv.  Algebra  and  Solid 

Geometry,  5 

FOURTH  YEAR. 

English  3 

Latin  5 

Review  Mathematics  3 
Two  of  the  following, 

Modern  Language  5 

2d  Modern  Language  5 

Physics  5 

Chemistry  5 

Teachers'  Course  5 


Classical  Course. 

FIRST  YEAR. 

FIRS- 

English 
Algebra 
Ancient  History 
Latin 

3              I 
5              / 

5              / 
5              I 

SECOND  YEAR. 

SECC 

English 
Geometry 
Latin 
Greek 

5          On 

Jj 

THIRD  YEAR. 

1 

English 
Latin 
Greek 
Modern  Language 

3              C 
5 

5       THIS 

I 

FOURTH  YEAR. 

I 

English 
Latin 
Greek 
Modern  Language 
Review  Mathematics 

3           TV 
5              I 
5              I 

5          ; 

3 

6 


English  Course. 


Commercial  Course. 


FIRST  YEAR. 

English  3 

Algebra  5 

Ancient  History  5 

Physical  Geography  and 
Advanced  Physiology  or 
Botany  5 

SECOND  YEAR. 

English  3 

Geometry  5 

Two  of  the  following, 
Med.  and  Mod.  History          5 
Modern  Language  5 

Com.      Arithmetic     and 

Botany  5 

THIRD  YEAR. 

English  3 

Modern  Language  5 

Two  of  the  following, 

Physics  5 

English  History  and  Com- 
mercial Law  5 
Adv.    Algebra    and     Solid 
Geometry  5 

FOURTH  YEAR. 

English  3 

Modern  Language  5 
Two  of  the  following, 

Am   History  and  Civics  5 

Chemistry  5 

Astronomy  and  Geology  5 

Teachers'  Course  5 


FIRST  YEAR. 

English  3 

Algebra  5 

Ancient  History  5 

Commercial  Geography  and 
Correspondence  5 

SECOND  YEAR. 

English  3 

Geometry  5 

Bookkeeping  and  Commer- 
cial Arithmetic  5 
One  of  the  following, 
Med.  and  Mod.  History          5 
Modern  Language                   5 

THIRD  YEAR. 

English  3 

Stenography  and  Typewrit- 
ing 5 
Eng.  History  and  Commer- 
cial Law  5 
One  of  the  following, 
Physics  5 
Modern  Language  5 
Adv.    Algebra     and    Solid 
Geometry  5 

FOURTH  YEAR. 

English  3 

Adv.      Stenography      and 

Typewriting  5 

Adv.     Am.     History     and 

Civics  5 

One  of  the  following, 

Chemistry  5 

Astronomy  and  Geology         5 

Modern  Language  5 


While  this  outline  is  intended  to  be  suggestive  rather  than  compulsory, 
and  has  not  included  all  the  possible  or  desirable  electives,  it  is  expected 
that  it  will  serve  as  a  definite  guide  to  all  Vermont  High  Schools  and 
Academies  collecting  tuitions  from  the  various  towns  of  the  State. 

The  course  in  English  is  quite  definitely  outlined  on  the  following  pages. 
For  other  subjects,  no  formal  statement  concerning  the  amount  of  work  to 
be  accomplished  has  been  attempted  here.  It  is  sufficient  to  say  that  the 
schools  should  meet  the  requirements  of  the  College  Entrance  Examination 
Board  in  the  subjects  which  they  attempt  to  teach. 

A  most  excellent  outline  in  History  has  been  prepared  by  the  N.  E. 
History  Teachers'  Association  and  may  be  obtained  from  D.  C.  Heath  & 
Co.,  Boston.  The  questions  used  by  the  College  Entrance  Examination 
Board  may  be  obtained  from  Ginn  &  Co.,  Boston.  , 

Every  high  school  teacher  should  have  a  copy  of  Document  No.  25,  of 
the  College  Entrance  Examination  Board,  address  Post  Office,  Sub-Station 
84,  New  York  City,  price  ten  cents,  and  of  the  Report  on  College  Entrance 
Requirements,  Dr.  Irwin  Shepard,  Winona,  Minn.,  price  twenty-five  cents. 


MINIMUM  COURSE  IN  ENGLISH 


Prior  to  entrance  upon  a  secondary  school,  it  is  expected  that  the 
following  books  will  be  read  : 

1.  Song  of  Hiawatha, — Longfellow. 

2.  Evangeline, — Longfellow. 

3.  Courtship  of  Miles  Standish,— Longfellow. 

4.  Robinson  Crusoe, — DeFoe. 

5.  King  of  the  Golden  River, — Ruskin. 

6.  Sharp  Eyes  and  other  Essays,— Burroughs. 

7.  The  Spy,— Cooper. 

First  Year. 

The  general  purpose  of  teaching  literature  in  the  first  year  is  to  arouse 
an  interest  in  reading,  to  teach  how  to  read  and  what  to  read,  and  to 
develop  the  power  to  form  vivid  mental  pictures. 

The  general  purpose  of  the  work  in  writing  themes  is  to  secure  facility 
with  some  degree  of  accuracy.  To  this  end,  students  should  write  many 
compositions.  The  criticisms  of  the  teacher  should  give  practical  help  in 
showing  how  best  to  express  an  idea  as  well  as  in  teaching  the  use  of 
correct  forms. 

8 


GRAMMAR. 

The  analysis  of  sentences  and  the  application  of  the  principles  of 
grammar  in  composition.  Punctuation  and  capitalization.  Short  themes 
throughout  the  year. 

READING. 

Irving :    Sketch  book,  at  least  five  selections. 

Whittier:    Snowbound,  and  Songs  of  Labor  (selections). 

Macaulay :    Lays  of  Ancient  Rome. 

Shakespeare :    Merchant  of  Venice. 

Kingsley :    Westward  Ho !  or 

Cooper :    Last  of  the  Mohicans. 

Homer:    Odyssey  (Palmer's  Translation.) 

Second  Year. 
AMERICAN  LITERATURE. 

Develop  power  to  discriminate  and  compare  literary  types  and  values 
and  stimulate  a  finer  feeling  for  literature. 

Some  formal  text-book  required.  Short  themes,  both  oral  and  written, 
throughout  the  year.  Secure  clearness  of  thought.  Give  practice  in 
defining  terms.  Study  paragraph  structure  with  respect  to  unity,  coher- 
ence and  emphasis.  Continue  the  study  of  grammar  and  give  practical 
help  wherever  needed  in  teaching  spelling  and  punctuation. 

READING. 

Lowell :    The  Vision  of  Sir  Launfal. 
Scott:    Ivanhoe  and  Lady  of  the  Lake. 
Longfellow :    Tales  of  a  Wayside  Inn. 
Hawthorne :    The  House  of  Seven  Gables. 
Shakespeare:    Midsummer  Night's  Dream. 
Mrs.  Gaskell:    Cranford. 

Third  Year. 
COMPOSITION  AND  RHETORIC. 

Some  formal  text  required.  Short  themes  of  various  types  throughout 
the  year.  Develop  power  to  express  ideas  with  simplicity,  accuracy  and 
fullness.  Continue  the  study  of  the  paragraph.  Give  a  systematic  review 
of  the  principles  of  English  grammar. 

9 


READING  FOR  1908. 

Shakespeare :    Merchant  of  Venice. 
The  Sir  Roger  de  Coverly  Papers. 
Irving :    Life  of  Goldsmith. 
Coleridge :    The  Ancient  Mariner. 

Tennyson :    Gareth  and  Lynette,  Lancelot  and  Elaine  and  the  Passing 
of  Arthur. 

George  Eliot :    Silas  Marner. 

AFTER  1908. 

Shakespeare :    As  you  Like  It  and  Julius  Caesar. 

Franklin :    Autobiography. 

Goldsmith :    Deserted  Village. 

George  Eliot :    Silas  Marner. 

Dickens :    A  Tale  of  Two  Cities. 

DeQuincey  :    Joan  of  Arc  and  the  English  Mail  Coach. 

Coleridge :     The  Ancient  Mariner. 

Fourth  Year. 
ENGLISH  LITERATURE. 

Some  formal  text  required.      Continue  the  study  of  Composition  and 
Rhetoric.    Teach  students  to  work  from  a  definite  outline. 

READING  FOR  1908. 

Shakespeare :    Julius  Caesar  and  Macbeth. 
Milton:    Lycidas,  Comus,  L'Allegro  and  II  Penseroso. 
Burke:    Speech  on  Conciliation  with  America. 
Macaulay :    Essay  on  Addison  and  Life  of  Johnson. 

AFTER  1908. 

Shakespeare :    Macbeth. 

Milton:    Lycidas,  Comus,  L'Allegro  and  II  Penseroso. 

Burke :    Speech  on  Conciliation  with  America  or 

Washington :    Farewell  Address 

Webster :    First  Bunker  Hill  Oration. 

Macaulay  :    Life  of  Johnson  or 

Carlyle :    Essay  on  Burns. 

10 


SUPPLEMENTARY  LIST  FOR  HOME  READING.    (Required.) 


First  Year.       (Any  Four.) 


Hans  Brinker.    (Dodge) 
The  Pilot.     (Cooper) 
Old  English  Ballads.     (Armes) 
Here  ward.    (Kingsley) 

Second  Year. 
Marmion.     (Scott) 
The  Deer  Slayer.     (Cooper) 
Tom  Brown  at  Rugby.     (Hughes) 
Old  Curiosity  Shop.    (Dickens) 

Third  Year. 

Quentin  Durward.     ^  Scott) 
Kidnapped.     (Stevenson) 
The  Mill  on  the  Floss.     (Eliot) 
The  Scarlet  Letter.    (Hawthorne) 
Morte  D'Arthur  and  Enoch  Arden. 

Fourth  Year 

Lorna  Doone.    (Blackmore) 
Henry  Esmond.     (Thackeray) 
A  Winter's  Tale.     (Shakespeare) 
Ninety-Three.     (Hugo) 


Tales  of  a  Traveler.     (Irving) 
Treasure  Island.     (Stevenson) 
Captains  Courageous.     (Kipling) 
Green  Mountain  Boys.     (Thompson) 

(Any  Four.) 
The  Alhambra.    (Irving) 
Pilgrim's  Progress.  Parti.  (Bunyan) 
A  Man  without  a  Country.    (Hale) 
Puck  of  Pooks'  Hill.     (Kipling) 
The  Dark  Arrow.     (Stevenson) 

(Any  Four.) 
Prose  Tales.     (Poe) 
The  Tempest.    (Shakespeare) 
Ben  Hur.     (Wallace) 
Macaulay's  Lord  Clive. 
(Tennyson) 

(Any  Four.) 

Macaulay's  Warren  Hastings. 
The  Marble  Faun.    (Hawthorne) 
Kenilworth.     (Scott) 
Childe  Harold.    (Byron) 
David  Copperfield.     (Dickens) 


APPARATUS  FOR  TEACHING  PHYSICS. 


It  is  Recommended 

(1)  That  in  classes  of  less  than  six  no  laboratory  work  in  Physics  be 
given   and  that  demonstrative  apparatus  for  the  teacher's  use  only  be 
furnished. 

(2)  That  in  schools  in  which  laboratory  work  in   Physics  is  to  be 
given,  the  course  include  35  experiments  to  be  selected  from  the  following 


11 


list,  in  the  ratio  of  13  in  Mechanics ;  2  in  Sound  ;  6  in  Heat ;  6  in  Light ;  8 
in  Electricity. 

(3)  That  the  experiments  to  be  performed  determine  the  minimum 
apparatus  necessary^  for  each  pupil. 

Suggested  experiments  are  marked  with  a  star,  thus  *. 

MECHANICS  AND  HYDROSTATICS : 

*  1.  Weight  of  unit  volume  of  a  substance. 

*  2.  Lifting  efiect  of  water  upon  a  body  entirely  immersed  in  it. 
*3.  Specific  gravity  of  a  solid  body  that  will  sink  in  water. 
*4.  Specific  gravity  of  a  block  of  wood  by  use  of  a  sinker. 

5.  Weight  of  water  displaced  by  a  floating  body. 

6.  Specific  gravity  by  flotation  method. 

*  7.  Specific  gravity  of  a  liquid ;  two  methods. 

*  8.  The  straight  lever ;  first  class. 

*9.    Center  of  gravity  and  weight  of  a  lever. 

*  10.    Levers  of  the  second  and  third  classes. 

11.  Force  exerted  at  the  fulcrum  of  a  lever. 

12.  Errors  of  a  spring  balance. 

13.  Parallelogram  of  forces. 

*14.    Friction  between  solid  bodies  (on  a  level). 
15.    Coefficient  of  friction  (by  sliding  on  incline). 

LIGHT  : 

*  16.  Use  of  photometer. 

*  17.  Images  in  a  plane  mirror. 

*  18.  Images  formed  by  a  convex  cylindrical  mirror. 
*19.  Images  formed  by  a  concave  cylindrical  mirror. 

*  20.    Index  of  refraction  of  glass. 
21.    Index  of  refraction  of  water. 

*22.    Focal  length  of  a  converging  lens. 

23.  Conjugate  foci  of  a  lens. 

24.  Shape  and  size  of  a  real  image  formed  by  a  lens. 

25.  Virtual  image  formed  by  a  lens. 

MECHANICS  : 

26.  Breaking-strength  of  a  wire. 

27.  Comparison  of  wires  in  breaking  tests. 

28.  Elasticity:  stretching. 

*  29.    Elasticity :  bending ;  effect  of  varying  loads. 
*30.    Elasticity:  bending ;  effect  of  varying  dimensions. 

12 


31.  Elasticity:   twisting. 

32.  Specific  gravity  of  a  liquid  by  balancing  columns. 
'33.  Compressibility  of  air ;  Boyle's  law. 

34.  Density  of  air. 

35.  Four  forces  at  right  angles  in  one  plane. 

36.  Comparison  of  masses  by  acceleration-test. 

37.  Action  and  reaction :  elastic  collision. 

38.  Elastic  collision  continued :  inelastic  collision. 


HEAT 


39. 
*40. 
*41. 
*42. 
*43. 
*44. 
*45. 

46. 


Testing  a  mercury  thermometer. 

Linear  expansion  of  a  solid. 

Increase  of  pressure  of  a  gas  heated  at  constant  volume. 

Increase  of  volume  of  a  gas  heated  at  constant  pressure. 

Specific  heat  of  a  solid. 

Latent  heat  of  melting. 

Determination  of  the  dew-point. 

Latent  heat  of  vaporization. 


SOUND 


47.    Velocity  of  sound. 
*48.    Wave-length  of  sound. 
*49.    Number  of  vibrations  of  a  tuning-fork. 


ELECTRICITY  AND  MAGNETISM  : 


*50. 

*51. 
*52. 
*53. 
*54. 
*55. 

*56. 

57. 

58. 

59. 
*60. 

61. 


Lines  offeree  near  a  bar  magnet. 

Study  of  a  single-fluid  galvanic  cell. 

Study  of  a  two-fluid  galvanic  cell. 

Lines  of  force  about  a  galvanoscope. 

Resistance  of  wires  by  substitution :  various  lengths. 

Resistance  of  wires  by  substitution :  cross  sections  and  multiple 

arc. 

Resistance  of  Wheatstone's  bridge :  specific  resistance  of  copper. 
Temperature — coefficient  of  resistance  in  copper, 
Battery  resistance. 

Putting  together  the  parts  of  a  telegraph  key  and  sounder. 
Putting  together  the  parts  of  a  small  motor. 
Putting  together  the  parts  of  a  small  dynamo. 


13 


MATERIAL  FOR  LABORATORY  WORK  IN  BIOLOGY. 


FOR  EACH  PUPIL. 

A  lens  with  some  kind  of  standard,  Price  $1.00  to  $10  00 

Scalpel,  .35 

Forceps.  .40 

Scissors,  .35  and  up 

Pipette,  dropper,  .03 

Dissecting  needles,  (2)  .03 

Watchglass,  .03 

Plain  glass  fingerbowl  or  its  equivalent,  .10  and  up 
Blotter,  rules,  etc. 

Materials  for  a  Group,  Two  or  Four. 

One  or  more  compound  microscopes,  $26.00  and  up 

Box  of  glass  slides,  .50 

Box  of  cover  glasses,  .50 

6  bottles  with  droppers.  $   .12  to         .50 

2  funnels,  .10 

6  preserve  jars,  y2  pint,  .30  to         .50 

6        "  "1  pint,  .30  to         .50 

6  test  tubes,  .02 

Test  tube  rack. 

One  or  more  sets  of  permanent  mounts  to  show  structures,       3.00  and  up. 

(If  the  teacher  has  the  material,  these  can  be  made  at  home,  but  that 

would  mean  more  outlay.) 
Section  razor,  $1.00  to  $1.50 

Alcohol   or  gas   flame  lamp;    tin,  earthen    and   glass  dishes,  as  the 
teacher  needs  them. 
Glycerin. 
Alcohol. 
Formalin. 
Vasalin. 
Iodine. 
Potash,  etc.,  etc. 

Much  botany  may,  of  course,  be  taught  without  laboratory  work. 

14 


CHEMICAL  APPARATUS 

For  Each  Student. 

MINIMUM. 

Beakers,  No.  2  and  No.  3. 
*Blow  Pipe,  8  inch. 

Bottles,  wide  mouth  for  collecting  gases  (3) . 
Bunsen  burner  or  blast  lamp. 
Burner,  fish  tail  attachment. 
Crucible,  porcelain. 
Evaporating  dish,  No.  1. 
File,  small  triangular. 
*Flask,  250  cc. 
Forceps,  steel  4  inch. 
Funnel,  ground  stem  3  inch. 
Glass  plate,  4x4  inches. 
*Pneumatic  trough. 

/H2S04.  HC1,      \ 

Reagent  bottles,  blown  glass  labels,  \HNO3,  NH4  OH./ 
Ring  stand,  iron,  3  rings. 
Test  tubes  (6)  %"  x  6". 

(2)l"x8". 

(2)  %"  x  3". 
Test  tube  rack. 
"          brush, 
holder. 
*Thistle  tube. 
Watch  glasses  (2). 

Wire  gauge  4x4  inch  asbestos  center. 
*1  for  every  two  students. 

GENERAL  EQUIPMENT  FOR  CLASS  OF  TEN.    MINIMUM. 
Balance  to  carry  100  g.  sensitive  to  1  c.  g. 
Balance  weights  100  g.  to  1  g. 
Graduates,  (1)  1000  cc  (2)  50  cc. 
Mortar  "  wedgewood  "  acid  proof. 
Magnet. 

Glass  tubing  6mm.  soft,  5  Ibs. 
Rubber  tubing  (for  connections)  rubber  stoppers. 
Glass  rod.  1  Ib. 
Filter  paper,  1000  sheets  (10  packages). 

15 


CHEMICALS,  (FOR  CLASS  OF  10). 

Acid,  Hydrochloric  com'],  18  Ibs. 

"     Nitric,                 "  14  " 

"     Sulfuric,             "  27  " 

"     Acetic,                "  5  " 

Alcohol,  ethyl,  1  qt. 

Aluminum  chlorid,  1  oz. 

Ammonium  carbonate,  4  oz. 

chlorid,  1  Ib. 

"          hydrate,  12  Ibs. 

nitrate,  8  oz. 

Antimony,  chlorid,  1  oz- 

Arsenic,  chlorid,  1  oz. 

"        trioxid,  1  oz. 

Barium,  chlorid,  4  oz. 

Bismuth  nitrate,  1  oz. 

Boneblack,  1  Ib. 

Borax,  8  oz. 

Cadmium  chlorid,  1  oz. 

Calcium  chlorid,  (fused),  1  Ib. 

Calcium  fluoride,  8  oz. 

Carbon  disulfid,  6  Ibs. 

Charcoal,  10  pieces  V  x  V  x  4  (about). 

powdered.  1  Ib. 

Cobalt  nitrate,  4  oz. 

Copper  scraps  or  turnings,  8  oz. 

Copper  oxid  (black),  8  oz. 

Copper  sulfate,  1  Ib. 

"        chlorid,  8  oz. 

"        nitrate,  4  oz. 

Iron  chloride  (ferric) ,  4  oz. 

"    sulfate    (ferric),  8  oz. 

"        "          (ferrous),  8  oz. 

"    sulfid,  5  Ibs. 

Lead  nitrate,  8  oz. 

"     oxid  (litharge),  1  Ib. 

Litmus,  cubes,  1  oz. 

"       paper  100  strips  red  and  blue  each. 

Magnesium  sulfate,  2  oz. 

16 


Manganese  chlorid,  1  oz. 

dioxid,  1  Ib. 

Mercuric  oxid,  1  Ib. 

Mercurious  chlorid,  2  oz. 

nitrate,  2  oz. 

Mercuric  chlorid,  2  oz. 

Nickel  nitrate,  1  oz. 

Parafin,  1  Ib. 

Fosforous,  8  oz. 

Potassium  chlorate,  1  Ib. 

"         bromid,  4  oz. 

"        carbonate,  4  oz. 

"         nitrate  saltpeter,  1  Ib. 

"         iodid,  4  oz. 

"         chromate,  4  oz. 

"         dichromate,  8  oz. 

"         alum,  4  oz. 

"         permanganate,  4  oz. 

hydrate  (stick.)  1  Ib. 

Silver,  nitrate,  2  oz. 

Sodium,  metalic,  1  Ib. 

"       carbonate,  1  Ib. 

"       bicarbonate,  1  Ib. 

"       hydrate.  1  Ib. 

"        hydrogen  fosfate,  8  oz. 

"       nitrate,  4  oz. 

"        nitrite,  8  oz. 

"       silicate  (water  glass),  4  oz. 

Sulfur,  1  Ib. 

Tin  granulated,  8  oz. 

Zinc  granulated,  2  Ib. 

"    sulfate,  2  oz. 

"    chlorid,  2  oz. 

Sugar,  lime,  salt,  starch  and  marble. 


17 


LAWS  RELATING  TO  SECONDARY  SCHOOLS. 


Instructions   for  Advanced  Pupils  in   High  Schools   and   Academies 

of  Vermont. 

For  the  purpose  of  this  chapter,  a  High  School  shall  be  a 
school  of  any  one  of  the  folio  wing  classes:  First  class,  a  school  of 
e  in  ion.  vears>  course  or  courses  ;  second  class,  a  school  of  three 


years'  course  or  courses  ;  third  class,  a  school  of  two  years'  course  or 
courses  ;  fourth  class,  a  school  of  one  year  course  or  courses.    The  course 
or  courses  of  instruction  in  each  school  in  any  one  of  the  four  classes  shall  • 
begin  immediately  at  the  completion  of  an  elementary  course  of  nine  years  ; 
each  school  shall  be  considered  a  single  school,  in  and  for  which  a  single 
register  shall  be  kept  and  returned  according  to  law;   and  each  shall  be 
maintained  at  least  thirty-three  weeks  in  the  school  year  and   shall  be 
taught  by  a  teacher  or  teachers  of  competent  ability,  of  good  morals  and 
legal  certification;    and,  in  each,  instruction  shall  be    given    in    English  ( 
language  and  literature,  higher  mathematics,  history,  natural  science  and,  I 
in  schools  of  the  first  and  second  class,  ancient  and  modern  languages  ;  and  \ 
instruction  may  be  given  in  political,  social,  moral  and  industrial  sciences, 
commercial  subjects,  ancient  and  modern  languages,  music  and  physical 
culture,  and  in  the  fine  and  mechanical  arts.     The  course  or  courses  and 
subjects  of  study  for  each  school  shall  be  prescribed  by  the  Superintendent 
of  Education,   and  each  school  shall  conform  thereto.     An  educational 
institution  legally  incorporated  and   providing  instruction  equivalent  to 
that  of  a  High  School  of  any  class  shall  be  an  Academy. 

MAINTENANCE  OF  HIGH  SCHOOLS. 

A  town  shall  maintain  a  High  School,  or  furnish  higher 
bee*  JOJ7.  \lowns  instruction  for  its  advanced  pupils  as  follows:  The 
to  Maintain,  etc.  Board  of  School  Directors  shall,  at  an  expense  not  to 
exceed  eight  dollars  a  term  or  twenty-four  dollars  a  year  for  each  pupil, 
unless  the  Board  of  School  Directors  is  authorized  by  vote  of  the  town  to 
pay  a  higher  tuition,  provide  and  arrange  for  the  instruction  of  advanced 
pupils  in  a  High  School  of  an  incorporated  district  or  an  Academy  within 
the  town,  or  in  the  High  Schools  or  Academies  of  other  towns  within  or 
without  the  state.  If  a  town  does  not  maintain  a  High  School  of  the  first 
class,  the  Board  of  School  Directors  shall  provide  and  arrange  for  the 
instruction  of  the  advanced  pupils  of  the  town,  for  the  remaining  years 

18 


necessary  to  complete  the  course  or  courses  of  study  in  a  High  School  of 
the  first  class,  in  a  High  School  of  an  incorporated  district  or  Academy 
within  the  town,  or  in  the  High  Schools  or  Academies  of  other  towns 
within  or  without  the  state. 

QUALIFICATIONS  OF  PUPILS. 

Sec   JOJ8  Whenever  a  pupil  demands  the  payment  of  his  tuition  in  a 

High  School  or  Academy  of  another  town  or  district  as 

am  nat  on*      provided  by  this  chapter,  the  superintendent  of  such  town 

or  district  of  which  the  pupil  is  a  resident  shall  hold  an  examination,  as 

provided  in  the  following  section,  for  determining  his  qualifications  for 

entrance  into  such  school. 

Said  superintendent  shall  procure  papers  for  such  examination 
from  the  Superintendent  of  Education,  conduct  the  exaraina- 
a  iination  t-Qn^  &n^  shall  forward  the  results  thereof  to  the  examiner  of 


teachers  of  county  in  which  the  pupil  resides,  and,  by  and 
with  his  advice,  determine  the  qualifications  of  such  pupil. 
o       1020  ^  town  shall  not  be  required  to  pay  the  tuition  of  any 

L'  fe'l'tv    f  T  pupil  under  the  provisions  of  this  chapter  until  said 

for  T  iti  n  pupil  is  found    qualified  to    enter  such  school  by  the 

town  superintendent  and  the  examiner  of  teachers  as 
provided  in  the  preceding  section.  The  provisions  of  this  and  the  two 
preceding  sections  shall  not  apply  to  pupils  already  in  such  school. 

STANDARD  OF  HIGH  SCHOOLS  AND  ACADEMIES. 
~       iM4  The  Superintendent  of  education  shall,  on  request,  deter- 

'*  ,     ,  mine  and  establish  the  standard  of  any  High  School  or 

Superintendent  to  ,._       .  _  ., 

,          .     t  Academy  and  the  qualifications  of  a  pupil  for  receiving 

A         «  .  higher  instruction  as  provided  in  this  chapter.    An  inter- 

ested person  may  appeal  to  said  superintendent,  whose 
decision  shall  be  final,  from  the  action  of  the  Board  of  School  Directors  in 
regard  to  the  High  School  or  Academy  designated  for  attendance  or  the 
tuition  to  be  paid  for  advanced  instruction.  No  person  shall  be  deprived  of 
such  instruction  by  reason  of  age. 

DUTIES  OF  TOWN  CLERK. 
„       «/%  ^^e    Town    Clerk,  in  case  pupils  are  provided   with  higher 


*~  \      .  ^     instruction  under  the  preceding  sections,  shall,  annually,  on  or 

St  tisti  before  the  first  day  of  June,  furnish  the  Superintendent  of 

Education,  on  a  blank  to  be  supplied  by  him,  a  certified  state- 

ment of  the  name,  age,  and  attendance  of  each  pupil,  the  school  attended, 

19 


the  amount  of  tuition  paid  for  each  pupil  for  the  school  year  ending  March 
thirty-first  preceding,  and  the  aggregate  amount  so  expended,  not  exceed- 
ing twenty-four  dollars  per  pupil  per  school  year.  Said  superintendent 
shall  forthwith  transmit  such  statement  to  the  state  treasurer. 

APPROPRIATION. 

~.  ,  .     r       The  State  Treasurer  shall,  annually,  on  or  before  the 

tenth  day  of  July,  pay  to  the  several  towns  which  have 
paid  tuition  for  advanced  instruction,  according  to  the 
provisions  of  this  act,  sums  as  follows,  according  to  and  based  on  tuition 
not  exceeding  twenty-four  dollars  per  pupil  per  school  year;  to  towns 
having  raised  and  expended  for  current  school  expenses  during  the  preced- 
ing school  year,  excluding  state  school  tax,  interest  on  the  United  States 
deposit  fund,  and  expenditures  for  new  buildings,  forty  per  cent,  or  more  of 
their  grand  lists,  a  sum  equal  to  one-fourth  of  the  amount  expended  for 
tuitions ;  to  towns  having  raised  and  expended  fifty  per  cent,  or  more  of 
their  grand  lists,  a  sum  equal  to  one-half  the  amount  so  expended ;  to 
towns  having  raised  and  expended  sixty  per  cent,  or  more,  a  sum  equal  to 
three-fourths  of  the  amount  so  expended ;  and  to  towns  having  raised  and 
expended  seventy  per  cent,  or  more,  a  sum  equal  to  the  amount  so 
expended. 


Caledonian  Press,  St.   Johnsbury,  Vt. 

20 


THIS  BOOK  IS  DUE  ON  THE  LAST  DATE 
STAMPED  BELOW 

AN     INITIAL     FINE     OF    25     CENTS 

WILL  BE  ASSESSED  FOR  FAILURE  TO  RETURN 
THIS  BOOK  ON  THE  DATE  DUE.  THE  PENALTY 
WILL  INCREASE  TO  SO  CENTS  ON  THE  FOURTH 
DAY  AND  TO  $I.OO  ON  THE  SEVENTH  DAY 
OVERDUE. 


MAY 


LD  21-50m-l, 


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